Honda motorcycles: some tidbits

Being the Honda fan I am, I saw a series of videos about Honda Motorcycles on Discovery Channel.  4th video in the series is about their Gold Wing bikes, and I am sold on it already!  Don't be surprised if I buy one at some point ;-)  A few interesting tidbits from the videos:

• Honda CB750, launched in 1969, was the first ever bike to use a disk brake and a 4-cylinder engine.
• Honda's Gold Wing motorcycle has more parts than a Honda Civic.
• Honda Gold Wing 6-cylinder 1800cc engine is so smooth you can balance a nickel on it while the engine is running.

Controlling screen brightness in Linux

3 years ago, I had a Lenovo laptop whose screen brightness keys didn't work on an old version of Ubuntu.  I wrote a blog post on how I worked around the limitation.  Now I have a Samsung N450 laptop running the most recent version of Ubuntu (10.10) and the screen brightness keys don't work again.  Like the last time, I am going to document how I am changing screen brightness on my laptop now.

I learned this from a comment Goksu left on an Ubuntu bug report.  The command that changes screen brightness is:

sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 f4.b=90

The 90 in this command is the brightness value in hexadecimal.  Valid range for this value is hexadecimal values between 0 and ff inclusive.  For instance, to set brightness to 75% replace "90" in the command with "bd" (i.e. sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 f4.b=bd).  Likewise use "7f" for 50%, and "3f" for 25% brightness.  Never set this value to 0 though, because that turns the display completely off and resetting the brightness can be hard.  (If you manage to accidentally set this to 0, reboot the machine, before you load Linux, i.e. while on the boot menu use brightness hot keys to set brightness back to normal.)

You may want to look at my old blog post to see how to avoid having to enter your password every time you change the brightness and to bind a shortcut key to adjust brightness.

Now, some details on how this works so you can adjust the command arguments to suit your computer.  Using setpci command, we are directly setting the brightness configuration on the graphics card.  -s flag says which device to control.  Running lspci shows all devices connected to the system via PCI.  On my machine this is what lspci prints:

% lspci | head -3
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation N10 Family DMI Bridge
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller

As you can see "00:02.0" is the identifier for the display controller.  Brightness is controlled by the number in f register of the VGA controller.  This register is 8 bits long and hence the range 0 to ff.  With the setpci command we change the value of the f register and that results in the brightness change.

Update (Oct 2, 2011): I have written a Go program to change the brightness from command line.  I have uploaded a 32-bit compiled binary as well, if you don't want to compile it yourself.  You can install this program to /usr/local/bin with setuid bit set so that you won't need to 'sudo' every time you run it.  (Search for "chmod" in my previous post for detailed installation instruction.)

Tracking clicks on blog widgets

I play around with the layout and widgets used in my blog all the time.  Every time I make a change I believe that the change makes the blog better, for example by providing more useful links on the sidebar.  All this while I had to blindly hope that the sidebar links are useful.  But today I made a change so I can measure the usefulness of the sidebar widgets.

Side note: Google Analytics has a feature called event tracking that can be used to track events that happen within a single page.  Let's say you have built an awesome game hosted on a single URL on your web site.  Your game might be so addictive that many users open it first thing in the morning and keep playing all day.  If you measure only page views you won't know that people are playing the game all day because technically the game is loaded only once (though it's kept open for much longer).  To get more accurate usage data you can add some event tracking code and record an event every time the game begins.

I decided to add event tracking to several widgets in my blog so I can know which widgets are being clicked by the visitors and which are not.  But adding event tracking to Blogger's built-in widgets was not very obvious.  I navigated to Design > Edit HTML tab of my blog's dashboard and selected Expand Widget Templates check box to see the code for widgets.

I had to locate each widget's code within the template.  Searching for the widget title text was sufficient.  Code for the label cloud widget, for example, starts like this:

<b:widget id='Label1' locked='false' title='labels' type='Label'>
<b:includable id='main'>
  <b:if cond='data:title'>
  ...

The widget code had different sections of HTML pertaining to different configurations provided by the widget (show list vs. cloud, show post count, etc).  I added onclick event handlers to the links so every time a link is clicked an event will be recorded.  Here's one such modification I made:

<a expr:dir='data:blog.languageDirection' expr:href='data:label.url' onclick='_gaq.push(["_trackEvent", "label-cloud", "follow-link"])'><data:label.name/></a>

Now that event tracking is in place, decision making in the future will be easy.  Hopefully :)

Clarity

The world is clear in our eyes only when it has enough bright parts and enough dark parts.  If brightness is all that matters we will all be seeing the sun most clearly.

My experience with the Kindle

Few of my friends have considered buying a Kindle and are hesitating because they are not sure what they are getting into.  They aren't sure, for example, if the Kindle can give them a good reading experience without the "feel" of holding a paper book.  This post is a short summary of my experience with the Kindle.  (I have a Kindle 2, by the way.)

First, the negatives.  Turning pages is slow.  It works pretty well when we are reading normally, so you won't notice it most of the times.  But it feels very slow when we want to hop back 2 pages to take a momentary look and continue reading from the current position immediately after.  Books with complex layouts (e.g. books with code) can be difficult to read.  It's just not possible to lend books to your friends.  And not all books are available in the Kindle format.

Now the positives.  It's amazingly light and extremely portable.  I read Anna Karenina using the Kindle.  I can't imagine carrying a fat heavy paper book everywhere I go.  Because Kindle lets me take notes on the device itself, collecting quotes is really simple.  I'd just highlight interesting quotes as I read and they'd magically appear on my Kindle page on the Amazon's site.

It might sound strange but I choose books based (also) on their typography.  If a book uses an ugly font (Arial!) or very small text size, I usually won't buy it.  Long back, I bought a copy of The Fountainhead but never could read more than a few pages until I gave it away a few weeks back.  All because of its tiny font size.  Kindle, because it allows me to change the text size to suit my eyes, solves this problem completely.

True, Kindle doesn't have a backlight so it's not possible to read when it's dark.  There are several solutions to the problem.  You can buy a case with an attached reading light.  Or you can read using the Kindle app on any of your other devices.  Because the Kindle and these apps always sync to the cloud, they automatically take you to the last page you were reading across all devices -- this is a pretty cool feature.

I am not a native English speaker, and my vocabulary isn't great.  Every time I read a book in English I need to look up hundreds of words on the dictionary.  Either that would be a distraction and would take up a lot of time.  Or I'd read on without fully appreciating what's being said.  Kindle has a built-in dictionary that's very well integrated with the device.  It's fast and doesn't require net connection.  It saves me a lot of time and provides an improved reading experience.

I once thought I would miss paper books after using the Kindle as my primary reading device.  On the contrary, I often miss the Kindle now when I have to read paper books!